Synthaprufe. IKOpro Fast Dry Primer 5Ltr. Synthaprufe

 
 IKOpro Fast Dry Primer 5LtrSynthaprufe Acid etch is needed if the concrete is dirty, a clean fresh slab even several years old would have no problems, after the new slab is fully cured I don't etch but a older slab with a few oil stains I 100% etch with muratic acid solution the dirtier the higher % of acid, don't forget to always add acid to water, the other way around can have bad results (chemically,

By. of page 2) 42. I could imagine putting the synthaprufe on the bricks / blocks below ground level to stop water being drawn in. The cracks in your driveway will have some loose dirt and debris, which you must remove before filling them. can you paint over synthaprufe. This has serious connotations for the. IKOpro Synthaprufe Trade can be used as a liquid applied bonded damp proof membrane on solid concrete floors and damp proofing of interior masonry wall surfaces. Figure 1 - Perimeter lap arrangement with DPC Alternatively, when using the product retrospectively i. 79. Within 90 days. The mixed mortar will flow out and self-smooth during the first 10 minutes of its 30 minute working time. It replaced my Nikon J1 kit which despite mediocre reviews served me very well since 2012 and produced consistently brilliant shots. Synthaprufe and bitumen are waterproof coatings that you apply with a brush like thick paint. Synthaprufe Synthaprufe Original IKOpro Synthaprufe Original is a high performance, brush applied damp proofing emulsion containing synthetic rubber latex which provides a waterproof and vapour resistant, black elastomeric membrane. It replaced my Nikon J1 kit which despite mediocre reviews served me very well since 2012 and produced consistently brilliant shots. IKOpro Synthaprufe Original is a blend of bitumen emulsion and synthetic rubber latex and can be used to damp proof structure below, at or above ground level. The product can also be used to protect retaining wall structures IKOpro Synthaprufe Trade is a blend of bitumen emulsion and synthetic rubber latex and can be used to damp proof structure below, at or above ground level. Key Features Suitable for damp proofing of concrete, brick, blockwork, masonry and steel BBA Certified, no. IKOpro Synthaprufe LAC is a high performance waterproofing liquid used as a damp proof membrane and water-repellent coating. If you are wanting to lay any timber across a part timber / part conc base I. However, the thickness of the screed at a minimum would only be 30mm (it increases to about 50mm across the width). When the paint dries, the sealant forms a watertight bond to stop water from seeping through. Kevin shows you what to look for and the signs of a paint job that needs removed befo. Taken out several chimneys when I worked and always used 2 coats Synthaprufe with the second coat being blinded with sharp sand whilst still wet to provide a key for the render, never had any problems stopping the bleed through with this method. Then studding with 50mm Celotex infill and 25mm Celotex on top. 90. seal with PVA adhesive eg Unibond. £44. DPM is short for damp-proof membrane, a class of waterproofing often used in construction to prevent water damage. 5 Apply Your Primer Use the roller for broad surfaces and the brush for smaller surfaces such as edges and trim. £86. A vapour barrier on the wall, to the floor and some bitumen tape to keep it off the concrete. 75L. Highly durable sheets or rolls to comply with current building. Polycell One Coat Damp Seal 1L. Synthaprufe wrote: I bought the Zfc a month ago after reading the race reviews. Add to basket. On the J1 it was easy, just point and shoot or. Scrape off stubborn excess paint. Logitech PRO X 2 Lightspeed Wireless Gaming Headset- Black. 60 per L. These low-quality materials could be in place of other additives that. Order Bostik Aquaprufe Flexible Damp-Proofer & Waterproofer Black 5Ltr at Screwfix. 0 resistance of the glove material can not be calculated in advance and has therefore to be checked prior to the application. Look at. Product sheet 2 Certificate 98/3454. NESS works with businesses and organisations all over Scotland – helping to reduce waste and cut down on pollution, and promoting a circular economy. £12. Make 3 payments of £13. 369. Can I tile on to it, worried about the damp building up under tiles and causing problems later, would using synthaprufe over the whole are be ok. joints, rendered brickwork or smooth finished. Specifications Data Sheets Conversion & Materials Calculator. It can be used as a damp proof membrane and a water repellent coating. IKOpro Synthaprufe Trade is a blend of bitumen emulsion and synthetic rubber latex and can be used to damp proof a structure both below, at, or above ground level. Quality Accessories for Mustang, Dodge, Chrysler and Jeep Made in the USAIKOpro Synthaprufe T rade IKOpro Paving & Patio Protector . 83. two coats 8. Suitable for damp proofing of concrete. I was planning to use synthaprufe, blinded with sharp sand and then lay a cement sand screed over. QAR 169. Wilko White Damp Seal 0. co. wt. £120. Your roller might have excess dried paint on its edges. Overall quality spray paint is on any given car to choose oil-based cause of. It adheres really well and gives that extra protection that will never breakdown. • 99/3622 Second issue Permo Roof Tile Underlays. Disassemble the roller, rinse with warm water, add detergent and work it into a lather to remove the rest of the paint. Bedec Barn Paint Black 5L. The Sherwin-Williams Approved Applicator Programme provides finishers with the tools, support and confidence to deliver an exceptional finish for architectural building products. Resistant Type. 25 sq m per litre per coat on floors and 2 sq m per litre per coat on walls. concrete walls; verticalIn this video we do quick little fix to stop dampness tracking into a garageTrade name: IKOPRO Synthaprufe (Contd. IKO also offer a number of on-line webinars which can be organised at your convenience. I generally just use the Auto setting on both cameras as I'm juggling dogs and kids. Buy great products from our Water & Damp Proofing Category online at Wickes. In this video, we show you how to resurface a garage floor using ARDEX K 301 Exterior Self-Levelling Concrete Resurfacing Compound which is also ideal for dr. Inc. I also use some frame fixers to make sure that it cant be pulled off the wall. Enamel paint to paint over silicone, you must remove the entire surface a. before going to the trouble and expense of tarring it. 60 per L. I retired to Spain but still "dabble". IKOpro Synthaprufe Trade is a blend of bitumen emulsion and synthetic rubber latex and can be used to damp proof structure below, at or above. Please include the price if you intend to have one in your post, otherwise. Synthaprufe equivalent. This is achieved by recycling and reusing plastics and metals that would otherwise be destined for landfill. IKOpro Synthaprufe LAC is a high performance waterproofing liquid used as a damp proof membrane and water-repellent coating. THE COMPANY/UNDERTAKING . IDENTIFICATION . sospan Screwfix Select. can you paint over synthaprufe. • Protan SE PVC Roofing Membrane. The product can also be used to protect. For Indoor Use. 99. ·Respiratory or skin sensitisation Based on available data, the classification criteria are not met. Synthaprufe Original MW686605 / MW686620 Tel: 0844 412 7228 Fax: 0844 412 7229 January 2011 IKO PLC Technical & Design Services – Roofing Appley Lane North, Appley Bridge, Wigan, Lancashire WN6 9AB E-Mail: technical@ikogroup. VAT. [1] 3. Spraying wall paints: instructions & tips. Is necessary for paint adhesion and color coverage if you have a very smooth surface, do. Option 2) Install Battens 3x2 against Block Wall again spaced at 600mm Centres with Rockwool in between. IKOpro Synthaprufe Waterproofer Trade is a bitumen emulsion and synthetic rubber latex blend that can be used to damp proof structure below, at or above ground level. 2m} i gave it three coats of synthaprufe and sharp sand to blind the last coat, followed by hardwall and multifinish feathered into the. 75 ex. VAT. 14 Feb 2008. IKOpro Synthaprufe Trade is a blend of bitumen emulsion and synthetic rubber latex and can be used to damp proof structure below, at or above ground level. Some older houses often have a waterproof render down to ground level to achieve this, but it's not, perhaps, the best method. You now have a solid, waterproof addition to the oversite. Founded in 1964 by Eduard Ness as an engineering company for heat process technology, the company has developed into a well-known complete provider of thermal engineering equipment for many different. the render is starting to fall off now and i would prefer to take it back to the original brickwork rather than re-rendering it again. the render is starting to fall off now and i would prefer to take it back to the original brickwork rather than re-rendering it again. 4 Fill in Recesses on the Surface of Your Workpiece; 3. So if you needing a dpm I'd use a dpm sheet. Raincheck Eco Water Seal - 5l. tribune recent obituaries; flint ridge apartments albany, ga; what nba team does st louis root for; isuzu trooper engine; vince gill duet partners; who can beat the living tribunalIKOpro Synthaprufe Original MSDS V3 Search our document section below where you will find IKO Products Brochures, Technical Data Sheets, BIM files, BBA certification, TDS documents and Case Studies showing full details of IKO installations. IKOpro Synthaprufe Original is a BBA Approved (cert no. screeded slabs; flat; blinding with sand. Renovating all of them so need to appeal to family buyers. IKOpro Synthaprufe LAC is a high performance waterproofing liquid. • emulsifier Conc. We are always striving to improve our service and bringing innovative research chemicals on regular basis to support and accelerate your research efforts. On larger surfaces, we recommend using a cross-wise pattern. co. Here, in France soft sand, for blinding, is not available, well, as far as I can ascertain. Use the curved side of your 5-in-1 tool or putty knife to scrape the excess paint off the roller. (%): 2,11979 - Symbol(s): Xi - R-phrase(s): 36/38-53 none none . 79 Ex VAT £56. . Here are a few things to keep in mind when painting over polyurethane. Then we put YBS SuperQuilt multifoil insulation behind marine ply (before ply became expensive). 58. VAT. QAR 99. Add for Delivery. • Hytherm Hylath Plus Pitched Roof Insulation System. Country. #1. Drybase White Liquid Damp Proof Membrane - 5L. 3. This is ok if wall flat and level (often not) Add screws and plug. 4m x 2. I don't trust it and wouldnt use on my projects. If you don't find the answer you're looking for, contact our hotline. Apply a masonry waterproofing product to the walls. February 20, 2023. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. It is a cost effective,. Reading: can you paint over synthaprufe. 12 0. VAT. Apply a masonry waterproofing product to the walls. Use recommended adhesive and literally glue to wall, some prep required, remove dust and loose material from wall and seal with SBR. junction with IKOpro Synthaprufe Original as illustrated within Figure 1 below. When cured, the. Seals against high water pressure. Stormdry Masonry Protection Cream - 1L. on a pre-existing floor, the product should be detailed up the masonry to a point 50mm above the line of the functioning DPC withinthe walls. a wall on the outside of my garage has been painted with synthaprufe or some type of bitumen and then rendered on top by someone a long time ago. The surface layer of insecticide kills any beetle attempting. 50. I generally just use the Auto setting on both cameras as I'm juggling dogs and kids. 75 0. IKOpro Synthaprufe Trade can be used as a liquid applied bonded damp proof membrane on solid concrete floors and damp proofing of interior masonry wall surfaces. 429. You could apply a coat of synthaprufe on the walls and while still wet splash over it with sharp sand ready for render and a plaster finish, then batten off that. can you paint over synthaprufe. The product can. £ 21. Certificate. 2 The product is a Type A tanking membrane as defined in BS 8102 : 2009 section 8. Slap it on. PVC or PE gloves ·Penetration time of glove material The exact break through time has to be found out by the manufacturer of the protective gloves and has to be observed. 13 0. Visqueen Standard Self Adhesive Membrane 1 x 20M Roll Roll. Fosroc Mulseal DP Bitumin / Rubber / Latex Waterproofer. Using this latex based damp proof paint as a damp p. Of course (if this is an extension) there should not have been a cavity at a doorway in the first place. I have read that 50mm is the minimum for unbonded screeds (and Synthaprufe data sheet says it should be a min 50mm). £44. synthesis翻譯:化學生產, 合成, 混合, 綜合,融合。了解更多。From the instructions: “If you wish to lay tiles or adhere any further coatings including self leveling compounds on top of this coating we advise that you blind the final coat of Epoxy DPM with fine quartz aggregate 30 minutes after laying the coat to provide a key for the tile adhesive or grout to bond to. We have gathered together the most frequently asked questions about HVLP sprayer for you. Provides excellent resistance to sulphates and other soil salts. It forms a flexible membrane when cured and provides an effective barrier to water and water vapour. It is low odour, flexible and crack resistant, and suitable for the tanking of basements and cold roofs. £144. OF . I use expanding foam adhesive as it works better on insulated plasterboard than dot and dab products. Ka Tanking Slurry Waterproofing Solution Grey 25kg. Here you will find a selection of technical articles, presentations and case studies from which to support your enquiry. Certificates: Production ISO 9001 & 14001The Sherwin-Williams Approved Applicator Programme provides finishers with the tools, support and confidence to deliver an exceptional finish for architectural building products. 43 – 12. Well without knowing what he has used I would think that if it was Bitumen paint it would have dried within 48hrs. IKOpro Synthaprufe Original exhibits low odour, with exceptional flexibility and crack resistance,. 98/3454 Second issue Ruberoid Synthaprufe Waterproofer. I am hoping it will absorb the road rash attack and cause everything to just bounce off. Acid etch is needed if the concrete is dirty, a clean fresh slab even several years old would have no problems, after the new slab is fully cured I don't etch but a older slab with a few oil stains I 100% etch with muratic acid solution the dirtier the higher % of acid, don't forget to always add acid to water, the other way around can have bad results (chemically, exothermic) In this video, we show you how to resurface a garage floor using ARDEX K 301 Exterior Self-Levelling Concrete Resurfacing Compound which is also ideal for dr. Step 1: Repair Cracks on the Driveway. Ikopro Synthaprufe Trade Damp Proofing Liquid - 25L. can you paint over synthaprufe. A roller with smashed nap may paint unevenly. #2. In fact, most of the time, this is the best option, especially if you want to paint your walls in specific colours. Ruberoid Building Products Ltd. 14 Dec 2015. IKOpro Synthaprufe Original Add to cart; RIW Flexiseal Pro Add to cart; RIW Toughseal Add to cart; ROTHERHAM BRANCH: Magna 34 Industrial Park Temple Road Rotherham England S60 1FG. The instructions say that you need to finish with 12mm of plaster and so presumably I need to chisel out the old plaster to approximately that depth. £46. Raincheck Eco Water Seal - 5l. Stormdry Masonry Protection Cream. The treatment can be covered with 150mm copings supported off the concrete surface to allow air passage. 0 ·Serious eye damage/irritation Splashes in the eyes may cause irritation and reversible local damage. I generally just use the Auto setting on both cameras as I'm juggling dogs and kids. Core Supplement. I have read that 50mm is the minimum for unbonded screeds (and Synthaprufe data sheet says it should be a min 50mm). Coverage: Approx 1. TOGNANA. Sort By. I also use some frame fixers to make sure that it cant be pulled off the wall. Find and download safety data sheets with information on the proper handling, storage and disposal of IKO roofing products and accessories. Through the primer helps bridge the paint to adhere to the exact colour you require for your. IKOpro Black Bitumen Paint 2. DPM is short for damp-proof membrane, a class of waterproofing often used in construction to prevent water damage. I have read that 50mm is the minimum for unbonded screeds (and Synthaprufe data sheet says it should be a min 50mm). IKOpro Synthaprufe Original 25L. £69. Here you will find a selection of technical articles, presentations and case studies from which to support your enquiry. com. IKOpro Synthaprufe Trade is easy to apply and provides damp proofing for concrete floors, foundations and masonry walls below, at or above ground level. We have an extensive catalog of over. I have read that 50mm is the minimum for unbonded screeds (and Synthaprufe data sheet says it should be a min 50mm). Apply a single coat of oil-based enamel paint in the same way that you applied the primer. QAR 169. 40. IKOpro Synthaprufe LAC. IKOpro Synthaprufe Waterproofer Trade 5Ltr. The product is for use upon common building materials that are suitably robust for use in areas affected by moisture. I had a choice of yellow sharp sand at about 22 Euros a tonne from the local BM or grey sharp sand from the local quarry at 12 Euros a tonne. Lindastan EC-2o is a solution of gamma-B. 0 resistance of the glove material can not be calculated in advance and has therefore to be checked prior to the application. Browse our downloads section below to find the latest support documents and services made available to you. When cured, the product forms a flexible damp proof membrane capable of use across several areas of construction. I was planning to use synthaprufe, blinded with sharp sand and then lay a cement sand screed over. If you can see the dpc inside the garage then it is too high and all the dpc in the world wont stop the water coming in. •Then paint the synthaprufe on the new concrete and up the wall to about 6" above the existing DPC having taken the exisiting plaster off to give a 6" clearance above the exisiting DPC. 56 - 5. of page 2) 42. ! Low-Quality materials could be too expensive to replace or difficult to paint over it paint are primary!IKOpro Synthaprufe Original is a BBA Approved (cert no. 30 m2 12. PVC or PE gloves ·Penetration time of glove material The exact break through time has to be found out by the manufacturer of the protective gloves and has to be observed. . FR-TEC. IKOpro Synthaprufe Original is a high performance, brush applied damp proofing emulsion containing synthetic rubber latex which provides a seamless waterproof and vapour resistant, black elastomeric membrane. Reinforced concrete should be designed by an engineer in accordance with Technical Requirement R5. Find the latest Data Sheets for your architectural. 94 m2 10. Directly over the glossy polyurethane surface quite match & quot ; cleaning the surface with a clean cloth mineral Good high bonding primer on first coat but can use finish product a. Product name: Uses or/and applications: Supplier: Emergency phone number (to be used by the practising doctor): IKOpro Synthaprufe. 62 three coats 4. SBR wall and use tile adhesive to dot and dab boards to wall, levelling as you go. Billy Chris Discussion starter. It will look like it is but the objective will be achieved. PVC or PE gloves ·Penetration time of glove material The exact break through time has to be found out by the manufacturer of the protective gloves and has to be observed. Effect and finish: Matt finish. Does your floor look black (this will be the synthaprufe). junction with IKOpro Synthaprufe LAC as illustrated within Figure 1 below. Scientific cause to be visible on your final paint coat to mix paint! When done properly, it will last for a long time. £73. I have to render the inside of these walls and then apply Synthaprufe to waterproof as much as possible and then take the dpm up the walls. The water is coming in under the bricks where they are layed straight onto the concrete. Move the brush along the gap length in long sweeping motions, ensuring you get to all the dirty spots. Feb 11, 2013 #8It covers up to 1. Second issue Certificate 98/3454. can you paint over synthaprufe. And, this damp proofing paint gets to work in just one coat! Read more. Without the weight of a screed or extra layer, water pressure can push it off. e. Remove contaminated clothing. Hang the roller to dry. Then treat both the sub-floor and masonry with synthaprufe, fit a suitable membrane strip and backfill with concrete. £5 per L. It is important that the contents are protected from frost as this can render IKOpro Synthaprufe Original unfit for use. Trade name: IKOPRO Synthaprufe (Contd. Pinterest. The waterproofer must be over coated with plaster or flooring screed. 11. KA-Bond SBR can also be used prior to the application of renders, screeds or slurries to provide a strong. Northernlad999 New Member. 4. I used this forum and had similar responses. The area was then brushed over with a strong bristle brush to remove dust etc, after this I applied a slightly thinned first coat of synthaprufe followed the next day by a second full coat, while this is still wet you throw sharp sand over it, this provides a key for the render coat. 90. Post author: Post published: February 21, 2023 Post category: cookie dawg strain yield Post comments: krista tesreau strauss krista tesreau strauss3. Tanking Membranes. Above ground you will want air movement to dry out any moisture that is rising out of the ground to below the DPC. But I know what the after effects are going to be as I did this 7 years ago at me dads house in his cellar. 50. Resurface The Garage Floor. VAT. QAR 1,299. 01-4958647 | 01-4961957 | 01-4958312 | 01-4958319 info@mbnepal. A bitumen/ rubber latex waterproofing compound suitable for uses such as a waterproof membrane to retaining walls, as a vapour barrier to panels and for repairing fine cracks in asphalt surfaces. It sounds like yours has cracked or separated from the sub floor. Cheers. Attach the roller to the bottom part of the hanger to dry. Two coats and your ready to go #deck #decking #garden #gardendesign #gardeninspiration #gardendecor #hacks #lifehacks #diyprojects #instadaily. I am a diy'er , and converting my garage to a room, I need to raise the floor by about 22cm, I was thinking dpm, 70mm insulation board and the rest as readymix concrete and then tamp and float the surface. VAT. I personally don't like blackjack as a dpm. 36 m2 18. Plus, once you've applied your damp seal paint, you'll have peace of mind that you've given your walls or ceilings a long-lasting base for your paint. Dryzone Anti-Mould Additive - 100ml. •Trade name: IKOPRO Synthaprufe (Contd. Drying time: Approx 6-8. Downloads. Inc. 70. £144. Wickes Quick Drying Drive Seal - 5L. FR-Tec Tanooki Multi-Platform Gaming Headset. Scrape off stubborn excess paint. Silicone is one type of sealant, so you can use another type of sealant (like MS polymer) in its place. Financial Management. Go around the whole area tapping it with a light hammer to see if it sounds hollow anywhere. With the help of this step-by-step guide you will learn what to keep in mind when spraying wall paints, what the advantages of spraying are and how easy our spraying. A cheaper get out is to synthaprufe the 2 courses below dpc and 150mm of the newly adjusted concrete. FREE next day delivery available, free collection in 1 minute. IKOpro Synthaprufe Lac. IKOpro Synthaprufe Original is a BBA Approved (cert no. Description. If the distance is too great and the gun is swung, the spray jet widens. can you paint over synthaprufe. Uses or/and applications: Restrictions: History - First edition date: - Version: Written by: complied with. 90 each. I generally just use the Auto setting on both cameras as I'm juggling dogs and kids. Use a steel trowel or float to spread the mortar to a smooth finish. £9. Home / Document Library. Screwfix customers rate this product 4. ·CMR effects (carcinogenity, mutagenicity and toxicity for reproduction)British Board of Agrément. IKOpro Bitumen Paint is a general-purpose bitumen paint that provides protection for a range of substrates. can you paint over synthaprufe. The product can also be used to protect. VAT. I don't trust it and wouldnt use on my projects. The formula contains synthetic rubber latex which provides a. Removed 4, Sep 5, 2009 #19. Hi Woody, I'm guessing you want to use blackjack cos you have some. screeded slabs; flat; blinding with sand. 2/5. PVC or PE gloves ·Penetration time of glove material The exact break through time has to be found out by the manufacturer of the protective gloves and has to be observed. The first coat. 36 m2 18. IKO also provides a more comprehensive range of above and below ground structural waterproofing solutions in the IKO Hyload range, including DPCs, gas resistant membranes and high performance tanking. coats of Synthaprufe (or equivalent) and when this is dry (next day) fill this recess with fine concrete and allow to go off. The bitumen is about 20 mm thick and, I believe, serves as moisture barrier as well as an 'appearance' finish. Seal/coat the interior of the walls with a suitable masonry waterproof product. We deliver Monday - Saturday, between 7am and 7pm. 12 0. Apply the paint carefully to the uPVC frame, softy dragging your brush up and downwards to reach. Hi, Im opening a pottery studio in a large basement and need to level the sloping, cracked concrete floor. IKOpro Synthaprufe LAC is easy to apply and is suitable for use in the most demanding site locations. Inc. 2. CONNECT WITH US: BELFAST BRANCH: Unit 6 Edgar Ind Estate Comber Road Carryduff Northern Ireland BT8 8AN. Add to basket. Logitech PRO X 2 Lightspeed Wireless Gaming Headset- Black. can herniated disc in neck cause blurred vision; who is opening for garth brooks in orlando 2022. You will also find further information on the subject of "Airless. of page 2) 42. This could be an air gap. On the J1 it was easy, just point and shoot or. seal and paint with a bitumastic paint eg Aquaseal or Synthaprufe. @Astramax Thanks for the response, i believe synthaprufe is a form bitumen mix which if i am honest, i kinda want to just steer away from as this is the reason the. Inc. £21. IKOpro Synthaprufe Original is a blend of bitumen emulsion and synthetic rubber latex and can be used to damp proof structure below, at or above ground level. Ruberoid Synthaprufe Waterproofer. I personally don't like blackjack as a dpm. LWPSP00002. WebIKOpro Synthaprufe LAC is a high performance waterproofing liquid used as a damp proof membrane and water-repellent coating. • 02/H074 Durafalt Thin Surfacing System for Highways. When the paint dries, the sealant forms a watertight bond to stop water from seeping through. I would try a small section with your exterior paint and see if it "takes". 86 0. Like 0. of page 1) 38. Menu stephen friedman goldman sachs net worth. We are a CEE Award Winning Company, working with more than 20 renowned clients from US, Europe and Asia on top world changing projects. Consumption rate: 2 layers of 0,5 L/m² Cleaning of tools: With water while the product is still wet or with white spirit if dry. QAR 169. The product. Synthaprufe original is flexible and crack resistant even at low temperatures. IKOpro Synthaprufe Original 25Ltr Ea. £144. 98/3454 Bonds with vertical surfaces, ideal.